Cav-1 expression levels (Cav-1/GAPDH) were detected in a range of 0.66–1.89 (mean 1.27), 0.07–3.43 (mean 1.09), and 0.00–3.40 (mean 1.41) in normal tissues, primary tumors, and cancer cell lines, respectively (Fig. 1d). This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and cancer.