HOTAIR and glioblastoma: miR-196a is concurrently upregulated with HOTAIR in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) [31], but was downregulated in our glioma subtypes, with no association to HOTAIR. It has been shown that miR-196a is expressed in lower levels in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and oligoastrocytomas compared to glioblastoma, similar to our results [86].