PITX1 and carcinoma: PITX1 [10–15], CST6 [16, 17] and HOPX [18–21] were reported their downregulation in various types of human cancer, and PRSS27 [22] was known to be highly expressed in nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelia of human esophagus and its dysregulation was supposed to be related to characteristics of carcinoma.