These CpGs were in 13 genes: ATP11A, BAT4, CALD1, CSNK2B, GDNF, GNB1, JAK1, JAM3, RHOBTB1, RNF144A, SEZ6, VAPA, and YPEL3; several of which have previously been implicated in cancer development and progression. Here, GNB1 is linked to cancer.