In particular, monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) have been extensively studied in lung cancer, and their roles as first-line [1] or second-line [2–6] treatment in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are well established. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.