Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an increased level of nuclear HIF-1α (HIF-N>3%) to be a significantly negative prognostic factor for both disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in PCa patients, as were the PSA level and TNM stage (P<0.05; Figure 2, Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.