MAPK1 and liver cancer: Overexpression of AKR7A3 was further shown to attenuate three important signaling pathways controlling liver cancer development, including ERK, c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways, as demonstrated by the significant lower levels of p-ERK, p-c-Jun and p-NF-κB levels in AKR7A3 overexpressed cells than that in the control cells (Figure 5C).