CASP8 and infection: In this study, we found that infection of VV-ING4 reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and induced the activation of Caspase 8/9/3 and PARP in SW1990 human pancreatic cancer cells (Figure 3D), suggesting that Caspase-dependent apoptosis and the Bcl-2 family is participated in VV-ING4-induced cytotoxicity.