BDNF and Cognitive impairment: Thus, we propose that the suppression of hippocampal GSK-3β phosphorylation induced by the SM70EE-enhanced BDNF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the inhibition of APP processing by downregulating BACE1 to ameliorate the cognitive disorders induced by an I.C.V. injection of Aβ1–42 (Figure 5).