HP and lung cancer: As such, Kang and coauthors established that the main lung cancer biomarker is the β-chain of human HP (haptoglobin) [31], others also classified SAA (serum amyloid A) [4], APOA1 (apolipoprotein A-1) [32], ANXA (annexin), VIM (vimentin), NM (non-muscle myosin), CALM (calmodulin), CFL (cofilin),TMS (thymosin), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) as lung cancer biomarkers [30] (Table 1).