We performed a retrospective study of 2 cohorts (which included over 4,000 treatment-eligible people living with HIV in total) who entered care at a community health center in Cape Town: an early cohort, enrolled into care from January 2009 to August 2011, when guidelines mandated that ART initiation required a CD4+ cell count of ≤200 cells/μl, pregnancy, advanced clinical symptoms (World Health Organization stage 4), or comorbidity (active tuberculosis), and a later cohort, enrolled September 2011 to December 2013, when the treatment threshold had been expanded to CD4+ ≤ 350 cells/μl. Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.