Some molecular markers have been reported for the tailored treatment of esophageal cancer, such as cisplatin-related markers (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 [IFITM1], breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 [BRCA1], and kallikrein-related peptidase 10 [KLK-10]) [13–15], 5-FU-related markers (thymidylate synthase [TSase] and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [DPD]) [16–18], and docetaxel-related markers (BRCA1 and identified beta 1 integrin [ITGB1]) [14, 19]. Here, TYMS is linked to esophageal cancer.