TGFB1 and neoplasm: Within the tumor microenvironment, TAMs are forced forwards M2 phenotypes by GBM cells via secreting a wide variety of factors such as IL10, IL4, IL6, M-CSF, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), TGFβ, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and subsequently support tumor growth and invasion [4].