First, using GBM-microglia/macrophages co-culturing models, we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and IL6) were decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and IL10) were increased in microglia treated with murine GL261 cells (Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB2 and glioblastoma.