Genetic or therapeutic targeting of the CSF‐1/CSF‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) pathway in different tumor models leads to varying degrees of macrophage depletion; this has been found to have direct anti‐tumor activity or to potentiate the response to chemotherapy, often with anti‐angiogenic effects (Mantovani et al, 2017; Lohela et al, 2014). The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is neoplasm.