For thepast few years, the investigation of molecular signal pathways and the advances ofsystemic therapies targeted at some mutation sites such as sensitizing EGFRmutations, ALK fusion oncogene and ROS1 and RET gene rearrangements have transformedthe management of metastatic NSCLC, particularly in specific few subgroups ofpatients, resulting in significantly longer survival [14–19]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.