Given that LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 were differentially expressed in IPF compared with non-IPF (Fig. 2B,C) and the expression of these enzymes also correlated strongly with collagen remodelling (Table 3), it was important to understand the interrelationship between these parameters in IPF. The gene discussed is LOXL1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.