The main mechanisms of HIV-1 inhibition effects by prostratin involved: (1) down-regulation of CD4 receptor expression as well as HIV-1 coreceptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5; Kulkosky et al., 2001) and leading to protecting CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection. Here, CD4 is linked to HIV-1 infection.