Certainly, the discovery of other pathogenic mechanisms of diseases like ALPS and other primary immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory disorders will likely reveal other specific immunomodulators that can target a particular arm or cytokine of the immune system, such as abatacept forCTLA4 deficiency (CHAI or LATAIE), tocilizumab in GOF STAT3 defects, or ruxolitinib for GOF STAT1 defects48 (Table 1). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.