The addition of Soot-E (Figure 2A), Soot-E/DMF (Figure 2B, black bars), NOC-E (Figure 2C, black bars), and NOC-ED (Figure 2D, black bars) significantly increased the release of IL-33 at the concentration of 50–100 pg/ml from PBMCs obtained from unstable/exacerbated COPD patients. Here, IL33 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.