Data from these studies show that in vitro infection of monocytes and macrophages with ZEBOV triggers a robust expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and TNFα (5–7), several of which have been detected in the plasma of humans and animal models following ZEBOV infection (5, 8–12). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.