Additionally, combined blockade of CTLA-4, PD-1 and indoleamine dioxygenase, and anti-CTLA-4 therapy alone have resulted in long-term survival in other murine models of GBM and combined blockade of CTLA-4 and IL-12 was shown to increase numbers of effector T cells and decrease Tregs (20–22). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is glioblastoma.