In this regard, our analysis of the proteome profile indicated that diabetes induced the expression of a number of oxidative stress related enzymes involved in hydrogen peroxide, electrophilic, and superoxide detoxification such as glutathione peroxidase 1 and 3, glutathione S-transferase Pi 1, Mu 1, Mu 3, and zeta 1 and monoamine oxidase A, underscoring the oxidative stress condition associated with the exposure of cells to hyperglycemia. Here, HPGDS is linked to diabetes mellitus.