BRAF and melanoma: Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway have been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, with activating mutations in BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) encountered in approximately 70% of all melanomas [1].