In August 1997, together with Ross Jakes, Marie-Luise Schmidt, Virginia Lee and John Trojanowski, we showed that the Lewy pathology from the substantia nigra of six patients with idiopathic PD and four patients with DLB was strongly immunoreactive for α-synuclein (Fig. 1a–c) (Spillantini et al. 1997). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.