NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: sIL6 has been shown to be induced by viral infection, and sIL-6R mediated antiviral activation via the p28 pathway and IFN-α could promote nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, thereby inducing activation of downstream IFN effector molecules such as 2′5′OAS, PKR, and Mx (52).