However, our data are consistent with a report showing a significant increase in the proportion of CD62L− CD45RO+ effector memory T cells producing multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2), but not individual cytokines, in humans protected against sporozoite challenge by experimental infection with P. falciparum sporozoites under chloroquine chemoprophylaxis, at time of challenge as compared with baseline43. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.