THAP11 and vitamin deficiency: Although the molecular functions of the THAP family proteins (including Ronin) have yet to be fully established, almost all of the characterized THAPs have been implicated in one or more human diseases, including heart disease (Balakrishnan et al., 2009), neurodegenerative conditions (Fuchs et al., 2009), congenital eye defects (Poché et al., 2016), craniofacial abnormalities (Achilleos et al., 2017a), inborn vitamin deficiencies (Quintana et al., 2017, Achilleos et al., 2017b), and various cancers (De Souza Santos et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2010, Parker et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2009).