In order to generate a deeper understanding of the interplay between early more generalized disease processes with cell-specific pathways and identify potential treatment targets, we will address the specific interaction of the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic cytokine TGF-β and its interplay with the PDGF and VEGF pathway, linking the characteristic inflammatory response in BPD development to critical drivers of alveolarization and vascular development (see Chapter III TGF-β signalling enhancing pulmonary injury in neonates of this review). Here, TGFB1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.