TERT and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: To date, several HCC vaccine clinical trials have been designed based on HCC-specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), glypican 3 (GPC3), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE-A), synovial sarcoma, X Breakpoint 2 (SSX-2), and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) [3–5].