Vaccination with long tumour peptides that target both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has been found to result in a far more robust antigen-specific T-cell response than that of the short peptide.46, 47, 48, 49, 50 Therefore, generation of strong endogenous T-cell responses to multiple tumour epitopes might be desired using vaccine constructs that contain multiple CD4 and CD8 epitopes. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.