CSF2 and infection: Interestingly, TSLP was shown to be important for protective immunity following infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Trichuris muris by limiting Th1- and Th17-induced mucosal damage.65, 66, 67 In addition, TSLP can induce Foxp3+ Treg by influencing plasmacytoid dendritic cell function in both mice and humans.68, 69 AIP-1 administration modulated colon expression of a combination of mediators involved in inflammation; expression of mRNAs encoding GM-CSF, CXCL11, IL-6 and PGE-2 were significantly downregulated in AIP-1-treated mice in comparison to vehicle control.