ERN1 and Alzheimer disease: Additionally, tau protein has been shown to be involved in the stimulation of PERK, IRE1 and ATF6, which cooperatively elicit the inflammatory signaling cascade in the brains of AD patients (McAlpine and Werstuck, 2014) The chemical modifications of already prevailing proteins regulate short-term memory, whereas long-term memory requires de novo protein synthesis and is under the control of phosphorylation status of eIF2 α (Kandel, 2001).