We also found that compounds that inhibit mTOR signaling had activity in CCA cell lines, consistent with previous evidence suggesting that the mTOR pathway is involved in CCA tumorigenesis and that sirolimus may induce partial remissions in CCA patients.45, 46 Nonetheless, we did not focus on these compounds given that clinical trials are ongoing and may provide additional insights. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.