On the contrary, many studies showed that GDF11 had no significant effect on the process of aging and could not rescue aging-related pathological cardiac hypertrophy; in fact GDF11 inhibited skeletal muscle regeneration, led to bone loss in both young and aged mice and its serum levels increased or remained unchanged with age [5, 6, 40, 42, 84, 85]. Here, GDF11 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.