Reduced BMP3 expression was associated with worse survival rate in IPF patients To further determine the clinical importance of our finding regarding the role of BMP3 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, BMP3 expression was examined using tissue array technology and immunohistochemistry in 47 cases of IPF and INSIP patients with more than 5 years of detailed clinical follow-up data including in 83 IIP cases (Supplementary Table 2, Supplementary Figure 4A). The gene discussed is BMP3; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.