By transdifferentiation of glioma stem-like cells into vascular pericytes/smooth muscle cell- and EC-like cells, YKL-40 promotes both angiogenesis and VM [377], which in a xenograft tumor model is susceptible to treatment with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against YKL-40 in combination with radiation therapy [378]. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is central nervous system cancer.