MAPK3 and malignant colon neoplasm: Our data showed that downregulation of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation by CLSE was reversed in the presence of their activators, PMA and SC79 under hypoxic conditions (Fig. 4); therefore, it is likely that CLSE blocked the migration of colon cancer cells via inactivation of ERK1/2 and AKT under hypoxic conditions.