Another recent systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measured cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls revealed that peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, the soluble IL-2 receptor, C-C chemokine ligand 2, IL-13, IL-18, IL-12, the IL-1 receptor antagonist, and the soluble TNF receptor 2 are elevated in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and major depressive disorder.