In view of the multiplicity of mutated and non-mutated Ags present in CM (8, 9), our approach to vaccination has been: (i) to use irradiated whole tumor cells as a source of multiple tumor Ags, providing the immune system with the opportunity to process them without a priori selection by the investigator (10–12), and (ii) to overcome the possible immune tolerance toward tumor cells by adding bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as adjuvants. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.