LEO1 and insomnia: As mentioned above, we have hypothesized that Rdl may play a role in insomnia-phenotypes since Rdl is downregulated in ins-l flies (Seugnet et al., 2009c), is broadly expressed in the brain, including in neurons that impact sleep and waking (Liu et al., 2007; Parisky et al., 2008), and can enhance memory under some circumstances (Liu et al., 2007).