As shown in Fig. 1A, SHBG levels in NAFLD group were significantly lower than that in the non-NAFLD group, with ~45.8% and ~39.9% decline in non-MS and MS subgroups [non-MS group: 44.38 ± 0.80 vs. 24.04 ± 1.29 (mean ± SEM) nmol/L; MS group: 39.79 ± 0.98 vs. 23.91 ± 0.83 nmol/L; both P < 0.001]. Here, SHBG is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.