EPO and anemia (phenotype): Other potential benefits of parathyroidectomy include: (1) improvements in mineral bone density and reduced risk of pathological fracture–indeed, several single-centre case series have reported increased bone mineral density after parathyroidectomy[34–36]; improvements in erythropoietin-resistant anaemia in patients with marked hyperparathyroidism [37–39]; and (3) improvements in nutritional status and humoral and cellular immunity [14, 40].