CCL2 and Insulin resistance: Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, C-C chemokine receptors 2 (CCR-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), COX-2, CCL2, and intercellular adhesion molecule/vascular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM/VCAM) are produced by the activated NF-κB pathway [35], [36], and systemic inhibition of NF-κB reduces hepatic inflammation and improves insulin resistance [37].