A recent study has shown that PDK1 is a direct target of oncoprotein HIF-1α,25 which regulates PDK family and PKM2 to modulate cell fate reprogramming through early glycolytic shift.26 Furthermore, a metabolism proteome analysis delineates induced pluripotent stem cells to be distinct from parental MEFs for displaying high levels of PDK1.27 Although these recent findings have indicated that PDK1 has critical roles in regulating tumor progression and stem cell reprogramming, little is known about the mechanism by which PDK1 controls CSC maintenance. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and neoplasm.