However, ginsenoside Rg1 at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg reduced the TGF-β1 level in serum (66.98 ± 6.57, 59.53 ± 2.82, and 47.55 ± 4.32 versus 81.03 ± 8.41, P < 0.05) and downregulated the mRNA (3.55-, 2.39-, and 1.61-fold versus 5.54-fold, P < 0.05) and protein expression of TGF-β1 (0.82 ± 0.09, 0.63 ± 0.13, and 0.49 ± 0.07 versus 1.16 ± 0.20, P < 0.05) compared with COPD group (Figures 3(b) and 3(c)). Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.