ACTA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the CSE + Rg1 group, the protein level of α-SMA was markedly decreased (0.85 ± 0.11 versus 1.34 ± 0.08, P < 0.01 versus COPD group), whereas E-cad protein level was increased (0.71 ± 0.09 versus 0.49 ± 0.08, P < 0.05 versus COPD group, Figures 4(g)–4(i)).