For ALK and BRAF, further enrichment can be achieved by exclusion of patients tested already positive for EGFR and, in case of BRAF, for ALK. Our data are in line with results from the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium [30] who found an activating EGFR mutation in 17%, an ALK translocation in 8% and a BRAF mutation in 2% in a similarly enriched predominantly Caucasian population with a high proportion of females (60%) and never-smokers (34%). This evidence concerns the gene ALK and lung carcinoma.