Notably, though neutralization of IL-6 and IL-10 completely abrogated the expansive effect of AF from OC patients for MDSC, combined recombinant IL-6 and IL-10 treatment did not induce the expansion of MDSC to the extent that achieved by the AF, indicating IL-6 and IL-10 play an essential but insufficient role and also pointing to a potentially complementary role played by other unappreciated mediators present in the ascites in the recruitment and accumulation of ascitic CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSC. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is atrial fibrillation.