Cytokine analysis demonstrated a marked elevation of IL-6 and IL-10 in the AF from OC patients as compared to the accompany sera as well as sera from healthy donor (Figure 2A and 2B); no difference in the levels of other 10 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-22, IL-13, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were noted (Supplementary Figure 2). Here, IL6 is linked to atrial fibrillation.