CD14 and atrial fibrillation: To define the origin of markedly increased CD14+HLA-DR–/low MDSC in the ascites as compared to the PB from OC patients, we cultivated the freshly isolated PBMC from healthy donors in the presence of varying concentrations of AF from OC patients for up to 72 hours and then analyzed the abundance of CD14+HLA-DR–/low MDSC by flow cytometry; as shown in Figure 4A, addition of AF from OC patients significantly potentiated the expansion of CD14+HLA-DR–/low cells in a dose-dependent manner within 72 hours with 48 hours being the optimal time.