The role of RUNX3 in cancer is still not well-established; it has been described to function as a tumor suppressor in most malignancies, including cancers of the breast, stomach, liver, lung and prostate, [21–25] but tumor promoting roles of RUNX3 have been suggested for some tumors such as ovarian cancers, melanomas and PDACs [8, 26–28]. Here, RUNX3 is linked to medical procedure.