EGFR and prostate carcinoma: We determined that overexpression of constitutively-active or conditionally-active signaling molecules, (e.g., HA-RAS, RAF, MEK1, PI3K, AKT, GSK-3beta, ABL and BCR-ABL) and upstream growth factor receptors (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] or insulin like growth factor receptor [IGF-1R] will alter the cytokine-dependency of hematopoietic or doxorubicin-sensitivity of breast or prostate cancer cells [7–12].