Recently, Silvestre et al demonstrated the role of IL-6/IL-6 receptor signaling in promoting growth of lung cancer cells in mouse model [43], Yeh et al found that estrogen receptor α in CAFs suppresses prostate cancer invasion via reducing IL-6 and CCL5 in the tumor microenvironment [44], and Jobe et al showed that simultaneous blocking of IL-6 and IL-8 is sufficient to inhibit CAFs-induced human melanoma cell invasiveness [45]. Here, ESR1 is linked to lung cancer.